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Data center development has always been about three things: power, power, and more power. But as AI workloads explode, hyperscalers scale faster than transmission infrastructure, and interconnection queues stretch into the next decade, one factor is quietly becoming a make‑or‑break competitive advantage: Proximity to generation. Not just access to the grid- access to the right kind of power, in the right location, at the right time. For data center developers, understanding how different generation types behave, and how close you can get to them, now directly impacts speed to market, cost certainty, resiliency, and long‑term scalability. In this resource, we’ll break down how nuclear, natural gas, hydro, solar, and wind stack up, and why battery storage is changing the rules. The New Reality: Power Is the Constraint Transmission build‑out is slow, expensive, and politically complex. Meanwhile, data center load growth is anything but. Utilities across the U.S. are now pausing or rejecting new interconnection requests, requiring years‑long studies, and forcing developers to shoulder massive grid upgrade costs. As a result, data center developers are increasingly asking a different question: What if we bring the data center to the power instead of waiting for the power to come to us?  That’s where power plant proximity comes in. The Fuel Hierarchy: Comparing Generation Sources Not all power sources are created equal. When evaluating a site near a power plant, developers must weigh base-load reliability against sustainability goals and speed-to-market. Nuclear Power: The Gold Standard Nuclear offers what data centers crave most- massive, steady, 24/7 baseload power with virtually zero carbon emissions. The Advantage:  Ultra-high reliability and zero carbon emissions. Recent deals- like Talen Energy’s sale of a data center campus adjacent to the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station- prove that "nuclear-adjacent" is the premium tier of the market. The Challenge:  High regulatory hurdles and limited existing sites. Being near an existing nuclear facility can dramatically reduce transmission risk and congestion costs, but these sites are rare, competitive, and often already spoken for. If nuclear adjacency is an option, it’s a strategic asset- but not a broadly available one. Natural Gas: The Reliability Workhorse Natural gas remains the most practical bridge for the energy transition. Many developers are now looking at "on-site" gas generation to bypass utility bottlenecks. The Advantage:  Gas plants are dispatchable, meaning they can ramp up or down based on the data center’s load. Proximity to gas pipelines and power plants allows for "island mode" operation, shielding developers from grid instability. The Challenge:  Carbon footprint concerns and fluctuating commodity pricing. Data centers near gas plants (or gas pipelines suitable for onsite generation) gain faster time to power, reduced reliance on constrained grid infrastructure, and greater control over redundancy and reliability. Overall, natural gas is not the perfect solution, but for developers prioritizing speed and certainty, close proximity to gas generation remains a powerful competitive lever. Data centers and natural gas power plants near Houston, TX from LandGate's platform Hydropower: Clean, Reliable, and Geography‑Locked Hydro combines renewability with stability, which is a rare pairing in the world of data center development. The Advantage:  Some of the lowest LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) in the world. Regions like the Pacific Northwest and parts of the Southeast offer a massive competitive edge for developers who can secure land near these assets. The Challenge:  Highly geography-dependent; you can’t build a new dam to suit a project. In hydro-rich regions, data centers can benefit from lower long-term power costs, reduced congestion risk, and strong renewable credentials. Overall, where geography allows, hydro proximity is a quiet win, but it’s not replicable at scale nationwide. Hydroelectric power plants and data center facilities in Atlanta, GA from LandGate's platform Solar & Wind: Abundant and Inexpensive, but Intermittent Solar and wind dominate new generation capacity additions due to low cost and rapid deployment, but their intermittency is the primary hurdle for 99.999% uptime requirements. The Advantage:  Speed of deployment and favorable tax credits. The Challenge:  A data center cannot run on "when the wind blows." Without a primary base-load connection, these sources require massive over-provisioning or a secondary "firming" source. Being close to renewable generation helps with avoiding transmission bottlenecks, reducing interconnection timelines, and structuring behind-the-meter solutions , but renewables alone rarely satisfy data center uptime requirements- which brings us to storage. Solar farms and data center facilities in Washington, DC from LandGate's platform Battery Storage: The Game Changer Battery energy storage is rapidly transforming how data centers think about power proximity. Historically, proximity to a solar farm wasn't enough to power a data center. With BESS, that equation changes. By co-locating with renewable generation and large-scale battery storage , developers can: Peak Shave:  Use batteries to manage demand charges during high-intensity hours. Bridge the Gap:  Use BESS to firm up intermittent solar or wind, turning variable energy into reliable energy. Grid Services:  Sell power back to the grid during outages, turning a cost center into a revenue stream while improving resiliency during grid events. When paired with nearby generation, battery storage allows developers to firm renewable power, blend generation types for optimized performance, and reduce dependence on long transmission lines. As a result, power plant proximity plus storage is no longer just about access- it’s about control. Battery storage and data center facilities near Dallas, TX from LandGate's platform The Strategic Shift for Data Center Developers Power strategy is now a site selection problem, not just a utility negotiation. The most competitive data center developers are evaluating land near existing and planned generation, assessing interconnection constraints before acquisition, modeling hybrid power stacks, and prioritizing speed to power over theoretical long-term capacity. This is where data makes the difference. LandGate gives data center developers visibility into power plant locations and generation types, transmission infrastructure and congestion risks, land suitability evaluations near energy assets, and off-market and on-market sites aligned with power strategy. Instead of guessing where power might be available years from now, developers can identify opportunities where proximity creates a real, defensible advantage today. In a market where the first person to the substation wins, LandGate gives you the head start. Learn more about LandGate’s data center site selection tools and book a demo with our team today:

The final week of January 2026 marks a pivotal shift in the sector. We are seeing a "tug-of-war" between unprecedented capital injections from the hardware sector and a hardening of local regulatory stances. For developers, the message is clear: the technical requirements for AI are scaling faster than the physical and social infrastructure can currently support. Success in the coming quarters will likely depend on "behind-the-meter" power strategies and navigating a more litigious local zoning environment. CoreWeave Bounces on $2B NVIDIA Injection CoreWeave stock rose 12%  following a $2 billion  investment from NVIDIA specifically earmarked to expand data center capacity. Capacity Expansion:  This funding is directly tied to scaling the physical footprint required for next-generation AI workloads. Developer Analysis:  NVIDIA’s decision to move further down the capital stack into the real estate and operations layer is a significant signal. It suggests that "off-the-shelf" colocation space is no longer sufficient for the specific thermal and power densities NVIDIA requires. Developers should expect more "build-to-suit" partnerships where the hardware provider dictates the site's mechanical and electrical (M&E) design from day one. Microsoft Debuts Maia 200 Inference Chip Microsoft has unveiled its Maia 200  chip , a breakthrough interference accelerator engineered to improve the economic efficiency of AI token generation. Efficiency Gains:  The chip is designed to optimize the "economics of AI," targeting lower power consumption for inference tasks. Developer Analysis:  The introduction of proprietary silicon like the Maia 200 indicates that hyperscalers are actively trying to decouple their growth from generic grid-heavy hardware. For developers, this means the cooling profile of a Microsoft-leased facility may soon differ drastically from an NVIDIA-heavy one. Flexibility in rack-level cooling (moving from air to liquid or hybrid) will be a prerequisite for attracting these "chip-sovereign" tenants. Baker Hughes Doubles Orders for AI Power Demand Baker Hughes Co. announced plans to double its data center equipment order target to $3 billion . Supply Chain Signal:  The move is a response to the massive power demand driven by AI infrastructure. Developer Analysis:  When a major energy technology firm like Baker Hughes doubles its order target, it signals that the bottleneck is shifting from chips to power-gen and distribution hardware (transformers, switchgear, and turbines). Developers currently in the planning phase should anticipate longer lead times for these components and consider pre-ordering critical infrastructure even before final site permits are secured. Monterey Park Enacts 45-Day Moratorium The city of Monterey Park, California, passed a 45-day moratorium  on data center development, effectively halting proposals for builds in Saturn Park. Regulatory Friction:  This move reflects a growing trend of local municipalities pulling the "emergency brake" to assess the strain on local power and water resources. Developer Analysis:  This 45-day "pause" is often a precursor to more permanent zoning changes or the introduction of "data center taxes." It highlights the "NIMBY" (Not In My Backyard) risk in urban-adjacent markets. Developers are advised to diversify into "pro-growth" jurisdictions or invest heavily in water-neutral cooling technologies to win over local planning boards. Softbank Ceases $50B Switch Acquisition Talks Softbank Corp has ended discussions regarding its potential $50 billion  acquisition of the data center firm Switch. M&A Cool-off:  Despite the push for AI infrastructure, this high-profile withdrawal indicates a potential recalibration of valuations for large-scale operators. Developer Analysis:  This collapsed deal suggests a "valuation gap" where sellers expect AI-driven premiums that buyers are increasingly hesitant to pay due to rising interest rates or grid-uncertainty. Developers looking for an exit may find the M&A market more scrutinized, favoring those with "shovel-ready" power capacity over those with mere land-holdings. Infrastructure Solutions for Data Center Developers As regulatory hurdles and power constraints become the primary bottlenecks for growth, LandGate provides the parcel-level intelligence and energy availability data needed to navigate complex siting requirements. Book a demo with our team today  to explore our tailored solutions for data center developers or visit our   resource library  for the latest industry insights.

For data center developers navigating today's digital infrastructure landscape, fiber connectivity isn't just a checkbox on a site selection matrix- it's the foundation of operational viability. However, not all fiber is created equal. The difference between long-haul fiber, dark fiber, and regional or metro fiber networks can determine everything from your capital expenditure profile to your ability to serve latency-sensitive workloads. Understanding these distinctions is critical as AI infrastructure demands surge and hyperscale deployments push into new geographic markets. Here's what data center developers need to know about each fiber network type and how to leverage comprehensive fiber intelligence to make smarter siting decisions. Data Centers and Fiber Networks Data centers and fiber optic networks are tightly intertwined, and together they’re what make hyperscale data centers possible. Fiber networks are the connective tissue. Long-haul and metro fiber move massive volumes of data between cities, regions, and countries, while dark fiber and high-capacity links connect data centers directly to one another and to end users. This fiber provides the ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and reliability required to move data at scale. Data centers are the computational and storage hubs. Hyperscale data centers house thousands of servers that process, store, and distribute data for cloud platforms, AI workloads, streaming, and enterprise applications. On their own, they’re powerful- but without dense fiber connectivity, that power can’t reach users or other data centers efficiently. Fiber optic networks and data centers scale together. As hyperscale operators grow, they don’t build a single isolated facility. They build networks of data centers connected by fiber. This allows for workload distribution across multiple regions, redundancy and resiliency, and rapid data replication for performance and disaster recovery. Hyperscale data centers demand enormous bandwidth and predictable performance. Fiber networks, especially long-haul, metro, and private dark fiber, enable operators to add capacity without rebuilding infrastructure, support latency-sensitive workloads, and expand into new markets by extending fiber routes to new sites. As data consumption, cloud services, and AI continue to grow, hyperscale expansion follows fiber, making robust fiber infrastructure a prerequisite for where and how the next generation of data centers gets built. Long-Haul Fiber Networks: The Backbone of Internet Connectivity Long-haul fiber is a high-capacity, long-distance fiber optic network designed to move enormous amounts of data across countries or continents, linking major metropolitan hubs. It forms the backbone of the internet, relying on low-loss single-mode fiber and optical amplifiers (instead of electrical repeaters) to preserve signal quality over thousands of kilometers. Key Characteristics Long-haul routes typically connect major cities and carrier hotels, providing the primary pathways for cross-country and international data transmission. They're owned and operated by major telecommunications carriers, network operators, and specialized long-haul providers who maintain extensive right-of-way agreements across diverse geographies. When It Matters for Data Centers For hyperscale facilities, content delivery networks, and cloud on-ramp sites, proximity to long-haul fiber is essential. These connections enable data centers to move massive volumes of traffic between markets with minimal latency degradation. Enterprise colocation facilities seeking to position themselves as regional hubs also benefit significantly from direct access to multiple long-haul carriers. Data centers serving AI training workloads or high-frequency trading operations particularly value long-haul diversity- having multiple, physically separate long-haul routes ensures redundancy and protects against single points of failure. Strategic Considerations Long-haul fiber access typically requires negotiated agreements with carriers, and pricing structures can vary dramatically based on competitive dynamics in each market. Sites with access to multiple competing long-haul providers enjoy more favorable economics and greater negotiating leverage. Long Haul Fiber Lines Across the U.S. from LandGate's Platform Dark Fiber: Raw Infrastructure for Maximum Control Dark fiber represents unlit optical fiber infrastructure that organizations lease or purchase to operate their own network equipment. Unlike traditional carrier services where you're buying bandwidth, dark fiber gives you the physical fiber strands themselves. For high-growth data center developers, this is the "gold standard." Key Characteristics Dark fiber provides the ultimate in network control and scalability. Organizations light the fiber with their own equipment, choosing wavelength technologies, capacity levels, and upgrade paths without carrier dependencies. This infrastructure typically exists along established fiber routes but remains unactivated until a customer brings their own transmission equipment. When It Matters for Data Centers For large-scale operators managing multiple facilities, dark fiber offers compelling economics over time. The upfront capital investment pays dividends through lower operational costs and the ability to scale bandwidth without recurring service fees. Dark fiber between campuses also enables organizations to create private, high-security networks without traffic touching public internet or carrier networks. By locating and leveraging existing dark fiber infrastructure, you can save on capital expenditure and secure long-term, predictable network costs. Hyperscale operators and large enterprises with predictable, high-volume bandwidth requirements often find that dark fiber provides the best total cost of ownership over contract periods of five to ten years. Since the data center developer provides the equipment to light the fiber, you control the capacity and the technology without paying a service provider for every incremental increase in speed. Strategic Considerations Dark fiber acquisition requires significant technical capability- developers must manage network equipment, monitoring, and maintenance. You're also responsible for ensuring physical path diversity and building in redundancy at the infrastructure level. However, this hands-on approach delivers maximum flexibility for organizations with specialized requirements or those anticipating rapid capacity growth.  The challenge for developers lies in identifying unlisted dark fiber optic routes . Many dark fiber routes aren't publicly documented, making comprehensive fiber mapping data essential for site selection. LandGate stands as an exception to this with its nationwide dark fiber maps and data: Dark Fiber Lines across the U.S. from LandGate's Platform Regional and Metro Fiber Networks: Local Connectivity Regional and metro fiber networks operate at a smaller geographic scale, typically serving a metropolitan area or multi-county region. These networks prioritize local interconnection, last-mile delivery, and connectivity to local internet exchanges and carrier-neutral facilities. Key Characteristics Metro fiber networks create dense webs of connectivity within and between nearby cities. They connect enterprise customers, wireless cell sites, data centers, and cloud points of presence across a region. Many metro providers specialize in low-latency routes between financial districts, colocation facilities, and cloud on-ramps within their service territory. When It Matters for Data Centers For edge data centers, enterprise colocation facilities, and regional cloud nodes, metro fiber density determines addressable market reach. Facilities positioned at the intersection of multiple metro fiber networks can serve diverse local enterprises without requiring customers to contract with specific long-haul carriers, so they are the key to achieving "edge" performance. If your tenants require ultra-low latency for AI workloads, high-frequency trading, or real-time applications, proximity to dense Metro fiber is non-negotiable. Metro fiber also proves essential for interconnection-heavy colocation facilities where numerous customers require low-latency connections to local enterprises, cloud providers, and internet exchanges. The ability to offer carrier diversity within metro networks significantly enhances facility marketability. Strategic Considerations Metro fiber density varies dramatically by market. Tier-one markets like Northern Virginia , Silicon Valley, and Chicago feature extensive competitive metro fiber infrastructure. Secondary markets may have limited providers or concentrated ownership, affecting pricing and service flexibility. Data center developers should evaluate not just the presence of metro fiber but also the competitive landscape among providers. Evaluating network density and carrier diversity is essential to ensure your site has the necessary redundancy to stay online during a local outage. Markets with healthy competition typically offer better economics and more innovative service offerings.  Regional/Metro Fiber Lines Across the U.S. from LandGate's Platform The Challenge: Fragmented Fiber Network Data As digital infrastructure demands continue to accelerate, fiber connectivity will increasingly separate viable sites from those that looked promising on paper. The developers who succeed will be those who can rapidly assess fiber availability and quality across multiple potential locations, understand the ownership landscape and competitive dynamics affecting network economics, identify strategic gaps where new fiber builds might be required, and integrate fiber analysis with comprehensive site evaluation across power, environmental, and economic factors. Historically, assembling comprehensive fiber intelligence required piecing together carrier coverage maps, requesting quotes to reveal actual availability, and conducting extensive boots-on-the-ground verification. This fragmented approach makes systematic site selection nearly impossible. Developers may overestimate connectivity options at a site only to discover limited actual availability during negotiation. You might miss strategically valuable locations because available fiber infrastructure wasn't visible in your preliminary analysis. And without comprehensive mapping of ownership, fiber types, and physical routes, assessing redundancy and avoiding single points of failure becomes guesswork. LandGate's Approach: Comprehensive Fiber Mapping for Smarter Site Selection LandGate addresses these challenges by providing what the industry has lacked: a single comprehensive platform mapping long-haul routes, dark fiber infrastructure, and metro fiber networks across the United States with ownership attribution and technical specifications, delivering several critical advantages for data center developers. With over 1.2 million miles of mapped fiber lines nationwide, LandGate allows developers to visualize the exact routes of existing fiber infrastructure, including long-haul, metro, and dark fiber networks, providing immediate clarity on network reach at any potential site. However, fiber connectivity doesn't exist in isolation. The most successful data center developments integrate fiber analysis with comprehensive evaluation of power availability, grid capacity, environmental factors, and economic incentives. LandGate's platform enables this integrated approach by combining fiber intelligence with industry-leading ATC and offtake capacity data for power availability, detailed mapping of data centers including their status and specifications, comprehensive transmission and distribution infrastructure data, and environmental and zoning intelligence to accelerate permitting. This holistic view allows developers to identify sites that meet multiple critical criteria simultaneously- not just fiber connectivity but also available power, reasonable grid upgrade costs, favorable local incentives, and acceptable environmental risk profiles. Ready to find the hidden gems where power and fiber intersect before the competition does? Learn more about LandGate’s fiber optics data and book a demo with our dedicated infrastructure team:

The third week of January 2026 is defined by a systemic effort to stabilize the relationship between massive data center growth and the aging North American power grid. As regional transmission organizations implement emergency procurement measures, developers are countering with unprecedented "super-site" proposals and sophisticated holding-company financing to bypass traditional capital constraints. PJM Board Initiates "Reliability Backstop" to Secure Power In a major move to protect grid integrity, the PJM Interconnection Board of Managers  has directed the immediate initiation of a "reliability backstop" capacity procurement process. Supply-Demand Imbalance : The action follows a recent capacity auction that fell short of reliability targets by approximately 6.6GW  due to surging demand from data centers. Pricing Protections : The Board is urging stakeholders to consider a "pricing collar"  on upcoming capacity auctions to protect residential ratepayers from extreme price volatility driven by hyperscale competition. Operational Rules : New guidelines include establishing a fast-track interconnection for loads that bring their own generation and stricter rules for curtailing facilities that do not provide their own power. Laramie County Welcomes Massive 10GW Data Center Proposal Laramie County, Wyoming, has approved site plans for Project Jade , an initial 1.8GW  AI data center campus with the potential to scale to a staggering 10GW . Scale and Scope : Developed by Crusoe  in partnership with Tallgrass , the project would be one of the largest facilities in the United States, featuring five buildings totaling roughly 4 million square feet . Integrated Energy : The campus is co-located with the Cheyenne Power Hub , a dedicated 2.7GW  natural gas power plant designed to provide on-site power for the facility’s hyperscale loads. Carbon Management : The site leverages its proximity to Tallgrass’s existing CO2 sequestration hub to provide long-term carbon capture solutions for the gas-fired generation. DC BLOX Secures $250 Million for Southeast Expansion DC BLOX has closed a $250 million HoldCo financing facility  from Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP) , a subsidiary of BlackRock, to accelerate its digital infrastructure buildout. Strategic Flexibility : The financing provides growth capital at the holding company level, allowing the firm to scale its AI-ready infrastructure  across the Southeastern U.S. without increasing leverage at the operational level. Vertically Integrated Model : The funds will support a portfolio that includes hyperscale data centers, subsea cable landing stations, and dark fiber networks designed for low-latency AI workloads. Market Shifts and Regulatory Maneuvers As developers move forward with massive acquisitions, local regulators are introducing "common sense" standards to prevent unregulated sprawl. New Era Energy Acquisition : New Era Energy & Digital  has closed its acquisition  of Sharon AI’s 50% stake  in the Texas Critical Data Centers (TCDC)  joint venture for $70 million . This gives New Era full control over the 1GW+ West Texas hyperscale campus. Montgomery County, MD : Two competing bills  have been introduced to establish "science-based siting standards". One proposal by Councilmember Evan Glass  calls for a 15-member task force to study environmental and utility impacts, while another defines data centers as a specific zoning use subject to conditional approval. Infrastructure Solutions for Data Center Developers In an era of reliability backstops and 10GW proposals, LandGate provides the parcel-level power data and environmental intelligence needed to secure project viability. Book a demo with our team today  to explore our tailored solutions for data center developers or visit our   resource library  for the latest industry insights.

Strategic site selection is the cornerstone of a successful solar project. For solar energy developers, choosing the right site can make the difference between a high-performing, financeable project and one stalled by permitting, grid constraints, or poor production. Identifying a high-yield location requires a sophisticated balance of geospatial data, economic incentives, and infrastructural proximity. In this article, we break down the key factors solar developers should consider when evaluating land to identify projects that pencil, scale, and succeed long term. Key Takeaways The top 3 states for solar development in 2026 are Texas, California, and Virginia. The best locations for solar development combine strong solar potential, accessible infrastructure, minimal land constraints, and favorable market conditions. Data is the key behind developing solar farms successfully. LandGate's platform stands out as one solution for solar developers to streamline their development process and conduct due diligence. Best Locations for Solar Energy in 2026 In 2026, the U.S. solar market is defined by a massive surge in utility-scale capacity, with nearly 70 GW of new projects scheduled to come online through 2027 according to the U.S. Energy Information Adminstration (EIA) , leading to a 21% increase in solar generation during both 2026 and 2027 . While the "Sun Belt" remains dominant, the "Data Center Alley" and the Midwest are emerging as the new frontiers for high-yield development. 1) Texas: The Solar Powerhouse (ERCOT) Texas has officially overtaken California as the primary engine of U.S. solar growth. By 2026, it is the top destination for utility-scale developers due to a perfect storm of factors, like the AI data center boom, increased grid capacity, and land deregulation. AI Data Center Boom: Skyrocketing demand from data centers in the Dallas-Fort Worth and Austin corridors is creating an insatiable need for 24/7 power, often paired with massive battery storage. Grid Capacity: The EIA expects solar generation in the ERCOT grid to nearly double by 2027. Land & Deregulation: Ample land availability and a deregulated market allow for faster project timelines compared to more restrictive coastal states. Map of Solar Farms in Texas from LandGate 2) California: The Storage Leader With a market share consistently exceeding 28%, solar energy has become the backbone of California’s grid. It now stands as the state’s largest single power source, often outperforming traditional natural gas generation. While California’s residential market has stabilized following NEM 3.0, the Utility-Scale + BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) market is thriving. Interconnection: Developers are focusing on sites that can integrate storage to capture "peak" evening prices, as solar already generates nearly 47% of the state's electricity during the day. Policy Stability: California remains the most mature market with the most established "Social License to Operate" and clear long-term decarbonization mandates. Rule 21 Reform: Ongoing legal and regulatory pressure on the major utilities (PG&E, SCE, SDG&E) is pushing for faster interconnection timelines. 3) Virginia: The Industrial and Data Hub In 2026, Virginia has solidified its position as the most strategically important solar market on the East Coast. While states like California and Texas lead in total acreage, Virginia offers a unique "demand-pull" economic model that makes it a top-tier destination for developers. Data Center Alley: As the global hub for data centers, Virginia's utilities are under immense pressure to source carbon-free energy to meet corporate ESG goals (e.g., Google, Amazon, Microsoft). PJM Interconnection: While grid queues in the PJM region have been a bottleneck, projects that secured their spot are now reaching the construction phase, making this a high-value region for 2026 COD (Commercial Operation Date). Grid Resilience Incentives: To manage the massive load from data centers, the state is incentivizing developers to pair solar farms with energy storage systems. 4) The Midwest (Ohio and Illinois): The New Frontier In 2026, the Midwest has moved from a "fringe" solar market to a primary frontier for utility-scale and community development. While the Southwest offers more sun, the Midwest offers available grid capacity, lower land costs, and a massive industrial demand that is currently outpacing supply. Illinois Adjustable Block Program: Illinois remains the gold standard for state-level support. By 2026, the state has expanded its Adjustable Block Program , offering some of the highest Renewable Energy Credit (REC) values in the country for community solar. Efficiency Gains: Solar panels actually perform more efficiently in the cooler temperatures of states like Illinois  and Wisconsin than in the extreme heat of the desert, where high temperatures can cause a 10–15% drop in voltage efficiency. Industrial Decarbonization: High-energy-intensity industries (automotive, steel, and heavy manufacturing) are under pressure to decarbonize. In 2026, many of these companies are bypassing utilities to sign direct Virtual Power Purchase Agreements (VPPAs) with local solar farms to meet their 2030 net-zero targets. Choosing the Best Locations for Solar Energy: Factors to Consider The best locations for solar development combine strong solar potential, accessible infrastructure, minimal land constraints, and favorable market conditions- giving developers the confidence to move projects from concept to completion. 1) Land Suitable for Solar Farms The land needed for utility-scale solar projects varies greatly depending on the installation's capacity and the solar technology used. Developers must secure land that is suitable for solar installations and available for purchase or lease, often involving negotiations with landowners or local communities. Generally, a utility-scale solar farm requires about 5 to 10 acres per megawatt (MW) of installed capacity. This means a 100 MW solar farm could need between 500 to 1,000 acres. First, solar resource quality matters. Areas with consistent, high irradiance deliver stronger energy production and more predictable returns, though recent advancements in solar technology allow solar panels to produce energy even on cloudy days. Similarly, ground-mounted solar installations require significant, relatively flat land, clear of obstructions like trees or buildings that could shade the panels and reduce efficiency. Soil conditions must also be suitable for mounting structures. A tool that developers can use to estimate energy output from a solar farm on a specific parcel is an 8760 Report. An 8760 Report examines and analyzes the expected energy generation (or load) for every hour across a span of 12 months. The model simulates the output for all 8,760 hours within the specified time frame, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the project's performance. 2) Zoning & Permitting The development of utility-scale solar projects involves several key stages, including permitting processes and zoning. These stages address various factors that influence the ease of constructing solar farms, such as site accessibility, ground conditions, and the availability of local labor and materials. Zoning regulations play a significant role in the timeline and cost of solar farm development. Projects must comply with local land-use laws, which may restrict certain areas from being used for solar energy. The permitting process can be complex and time-intensive, requiring multiple approvals from local, state, and sometimes federal authorities. 3) Land Accessibility Site accessibility is critical for solar site selection . The site must allow easy access for heavy machinery and equipment needed to install solar panels. Ground conditions are equally important. The land should be relatively flat and free of obstructions like trees or buildings that could cast shadows on the panels and reduce their efficiency. Additionally, the soil must be stable enough to support the mounting structures. 4) Interconnection Delay Mitigation One of the most critical aspects of any solar project is the grid connection. Substations are critical to the infrastructure of utility-scale solar energy, acting as a key link between power generation and end users. They transform the electricity generated by solar farms to suitable voltage levels for long-distance transmission. This step is essential to minimize energy loss and ensure electricity reaches consumers at the correct voltage. The efficiency of power transmission is heavily influenced by the proximity of solar farms to substations. Sites near existing grid infrastructure are typically faster and less expensive to develop, while locations in congested or capacity-limited areas can face costly upgrades or delays. Shorter distances mean reduced transmission losses, making it crucial to consider substation locations when planning solar farm sites. Substation capacity and existing grid infrastructure must also be evaluated to ensure compatibility with the project's needs. Locational Marginal Price (LMP) Locational Marginal Price (LMP) is a critical factor that solar farm investors must consider when sourcing the best places for solar energy. LMP refers to the cost of delivering an additional unit of energy to a specific location at a specific time. It varies based on demand, supply, and the capacity of the transmission network, and it can significantly impact the profitability of a solar project. For a solar farm, the energy produced is typically sold to the grid, and the price received for this energy is often based on the marginal unit. Higher LMPs mean higher revenue for the solar farm, making locations with consistently high LMPs more attractive to investors. Conversely, areas with lower LMPs might yield lower returns, potentially making them less viable for solar investment. Available Transfer Capacity (ATC) Available Transfer Capacity (ATC) measures the additional electrical power that can be reliably transferred over the transmission network while meeting all safety requirements. This data is essential in the energy sector, as it helps operators determine how much power can be added to the grid without risking instability or reliability issues. Utility-scale development projects depend on existing grid capacity or require grid upgrades to proceed. The LandGate platform is a valuable tool for analyzing LMP and ATC. Subscribers can access substation details that include comprehensive substation data, allowing for effective utility-scale solar site selection. 5) Environmental Impact Considerations Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are a crucial part of permitting. These assessments evaluate potential environmental effects of the project and propose measures to minimize harm. They typically examine factors such as impacts on wildlife, water resources, and local ecosystems, ensuring the project aligns with environmental standards. Solar developers can use LandGate's comprehensive Environmental Reports  to conduct due diligence on properties they're interested in developing for solar farms, wind farms, data centers, and more. These reports offer a concise view of the various protected lands, species, and resources across the United States in order to provide a snapshot view of challenges and potential delays your project might face, detailing areas of high, moderate, and low risk, in addition to providing extensive data on the factors. 5) Policies, Incentives, and Market Demand Government policies, incentives, and market demand can significantly impact project viability. Supportive state or local renewable energy policies, tax incentives, and strong utility or corporate demand for clean power can turn a good site into a great one. States like Illinois (Adjustable Block Program) and California (RPS, net-metering policies) offers attractive incentives for solar developers in 2026. How to Choose the Best Locations for Solar Development: A Data-Driven Approach In the rapidly expanding world of renewable energy, finding the perfect site for your solar project can be a challenging task, but utilizing the right site planning software can help streamline the process and get projects to the queue faster. LandGate's solar site selection software is an example of a tool solar developers can use to plan effective projects and conduct due diligence. The platform leverages advanced data science and machine learning algorithms to provide you with comprehensive, real-time insights into potential site locations for your solar energy projects. It evaluates and ranks sites based on various factors such as solar irradiance, land topography, proximity to transmission lines, environmental constraints, and local regulations. LandGate's tools for solar farm due diligence allow you to model full utility-scale projects instantly: Get your solar projects into the queue & financed faster Determine buildable area with custom setbacks/exclusions & exportable pricing data Evaluate any solar project in minutes with fully integrated data and potential revenue modeling Site analysis, due diligence, and feasibility studies utilizing outputs for interconnection queue submissions or utility RFPs Industry standard outputs & economics including 8760 reports and complete feasibility studies LandGate's Platform doesn't just provide data; it delivers actionable insights. It allows you to determine the best sites for solar farms, visualize and analyze the data in an intuitive and user-friendly interface, examine an interactive solar energy potential map, and aid in site selection and layout, thus enabling you to make informed decisions quickly and confidently. Key Terms Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP)  is the actual market value of electricity at a specific point on the grid. While a retail consumer might pay a flat rate for power, a solar developer selling into the wholesale market is paid a price that fluctuates by the minute and by the mile. LMP is not a single number; it is the sum of three distinct economic factors at a specific "node" (a substation or connection point. Available Transfer Capacity (ATC) Available Transfer Capacity (ATC)  is the amount of unused transmission capacity on the electric grid that is available to move additional electricity from a generator to where it’s needed, without violating reliability or safety limits. In simple terms, ATC tells developers how much new power can be injected into the grid at a specific location without triggering congestion, curtailment, or the need for costly transmission upgrades. 8760 Report An 8760 Report  is a time-series energy analysis that models how a power generation project, such as a solar or solar-plus-storage facility, will perform during every hour of the year (8,760 hours). Rather than providing a single annual production estimate, an 8760 Report shows hour-by-hour generation, delivery, and value, giving developers, utilities, and investors a much more realistic view of how a project interacts with the grid and energy markets. PJM Interconnection PJM Interconnection  is a regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity across a large portion of the eastern United States and operates competitive electricity markets within that region. PJM manages the high-voltage transmission grid and wholesale power markets for 13 states and Washington, D.C., including all or parts of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Delaware.

The U.S. power sector is experiencing a growing disconnect between projected electricity demand and the generation capacity  expected to meet it. While significant new power projects continue to be announced and proposed, a meaningful share is ultimately canceled before reaching construction or operation. In 2025 alone, approximately 1,800 power projects were canceled, a scale highlighted by late-year federal actions that suspended five major developments, including Vineyard Wind 1 and Revolution Wind, removing an estimated 26.5 GW of planned clean energy capacity from the development pipeline. Examining canceled power generation projects is necessary to understand their scale, timing, technology mix, and geographic distribution. Analyzing canceled capacity over time and across regions and technologies helps clarify how much planned generation fails to materialize and how those losses compare with overall capacity expansion trends. Understanding canceled projects is critical for grid planning , investment decisions, and reliability assessments. Capacity that is announced but never built can lead to overstated supply expectations, underinvestment in transmission, and heightened risk as electricity demand accelerates, particularly from data centers, AI workloads, and broader electrification.    Withdrawn Solar, Wind and Battery Storage Projects, shown on the LandGate platform Understanding & Defining Canceled Power Plant Projects  Canceled power plant projects are proposed electricity generation facilities that are formally withdrawn or abandoned prior to entering commercial operation. These projects may be canceled at various stages of development, including after public announcement, during permitting and siting, or while awaiting interconnection approval. Importantly, cancellation does not imply failure of a project. Power generation development is inherently uncertain and takes years to develop, and there is an expectation that some projects can face regulatory and system constraints. Developers regularly adjust plans in response to changes in costs, regulations, market conditions, or grid constraints, and not all proposed projects are ultimately built. The insights of canceled projects matter because long-term electricity planning often relies on forward-looking estimates of future generation capacity. These estimates are frequently based on announced projects or interconnection queue submissions, which can significantly overstate the amount of capacity that will ultimately be built. When canceled projects are not explicitly accounted for, supply projections may appear more robust than what is realistically achievable. From a system perspective, the loss of planned generation capacity, measured in gigawatts, can materially affect transmission planning, and regional reliability assessments. This risk is amplified in areas experiencing rapid load growth, where canceled projects may coincide with increasing electricity demand. As a result, understanding where and why projects are canceled is essential for distinguishing headline capacity growth from realizable supply. Power generation projects are canceled for a range of reasons, and in most cases no single factor is decisive.  Instead, cancellations typically reflect a combination of economic, regulatory, and grid-related challenges that evolve over the course of development. Shifts in federal legislation, such as those introduced under the One Big Beautiful Bill, have added another layer of uncertainty for developers by changing policy and economic assumptions, leading to developers reassessing project viability. Interconnection constraints:  One of the most significant factors has been interconnection delays and rising interconnection costs. In many regions, projects face multi-year wait times to connect to the grid, along with substantial network upgrade requirements. As these timelines and costs increase, projects that initially appeared viable may no longer meet financial thresholds, leading developers to withdraw or cancel them. Transmission constraints:   Limited transmission capacity can restrict where new generation can be built and how efficiently it can deliver power. In areas where transmission expansion has lagged demand growth, developers may encounter escalating costs or uncertainty that ultimately prevents projects from moving forward. The substation view shown below illustrates the available transfer capacity at the node is effectively exhausted, meaning additional generation would require costly network upgrades or may not be feasible. When projects face these conditions, interconnection delays and rising upgrade requirements often increase cancellation risk. Exhausted Available Transfer Capacity at Substation, shown on the LandGate platform Financing constraints:  Financing conditions have also played a role, particularly in 2024 and 2025. Higher interest rates and increased capital costs have made long-duration infrastructure projects more difficult to finance. Projects with long development timelines or uncertain revenue streams are especially sensitive to these conditions. Market dynamics:   For some technologies, most notably battery storage, revenue expectations have become more volatile as capacity has expanded and market prices have adjusted. In other cases, changes in fuel prices, power prices, or policy incentives have altered the economics of planned generation. Permitting/Siting constraints:  Local zoning restrictions, environmental review processes, and community opposition can extend development timelines or prevent projects from advancing beyond the planning stage. In many regions, local opposition reflects concerns about land use and perceived community disruption associated with new power generation. At the same time, these same communities often face rising electricity prices and reliability concerns as demand grows. Canceled Power Generation Project Trends by Energy Sector Trends in canceled power generation projects vary significantly by technology, reflecting differences in cost structures, development timelines, current economic policies and market conditions.  New Realities in Solar and Wind Power Generation Solar and wind projects account for a large share of canceled generation, in part because they represent a substantial portion of the overall development pipeline. In 2025, approximately 90% of the canceled projects were clean energy plants.  Many projects enter interconnection queues early, before financing and site development  are fully secured, making them more vulnerable to rising interconnection costs, longer timelines, and local siting restrictions. While some level of attrition is expected, elevated cancellation rates for these technologies matter because solar and wind are expected to supply much of the near-term capacity needed to meet rising electricity demand. When large volumes of renewable capacity fail to materialize, regions can face tighter supply conditions, slower decarbonization progress, and increased pressure on existing generation assets, which may contribute to higher prices and reliability challenges.   Electricity Price vs. Capacity of Withdrawn Solar Projects: 2021-2025 Capacity of Withdrawn Solar Projects, 2021-2025 In 2025, canceled generation capacity was concentrated most heavily in renewable energy projects. Battery storage accounted for an estimated total of 85 GW of canceled capacity across major U.S. grid regions. Wind projects represented about 80 GW of canceled capacity, while solar projects accounted for 50 GW. This distribution highlights the development challenges, cancellation risk and sensitive market conditions and grid constraints.  Strategic Growth in Battery Storage: Navigating Market Evolution While battery storage  remains a cornerstone of the modern grid, the sector is currently undergoing a period of significant recalibration . Rather than viewing recent project shifts as a decline, developers should see them as an evolution toward more resilient and economically viable project models. Turning Challenges into Development Opportunities The storage landscape is currently defined by three primary drivers that, while challenging, provide a roadmap for more robust development: Federal Funding Realignment:  The Department of Energy’s recent decision to cancel $700 million in battery and manufacturing grants has served as a market "stress test." For developers, this underscores the importance of securing diverse, private-capital streams rather than over-relying on federal subsidies. Cost vs. Revenue Stability:  Developers are currently navigating the intersection of rising capital costs and fluctuating revenue streams. This dynamic is pushing the industry toward more sophisticated financial modeling and the prioritization of projects with clear, long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs). The Vital Role of Grid Flexibility:  Despite recent cancellations, the fundamental demand for storage has never been higher. Storage remains the essential "buffer" for balancing variable renewable generation. Developers who can successfully bring projects to completion will find themselves in a high-demand market, providing the critical system flexibility required for grid reliability. Nuclear and Natural Gas In contrast, cancellations of nuclear and natural gas projects tend to be less frequent but more consequential when they occur, given their larger size and role as firm capacity. Nuclear projects face long development timelines and high upfront costs, which limit new starts. Natural gas projects, while more flexible, increasingly face permitting challenges and policy uncertainty in some regions.  Historical Regional Patterns and Grid Constraints in Power Generation Recent reporting trends from regional grid operators for 2024 and 2025 suggests that power project cancellations are concentrated in a limited number of regions rather than evenly spread across the United States and specifically the renewable energy industry seems to be hit the hardest.  Midwestern and Southern states are frequently cited in coverage of elevated cancellation activity, particularly for utility-scale solar and battery storage projects. In Nevada, federal agencies recently canceled approval for a proposed 6.2-GW utility-scale solar project, illustrating how federal permitting and land-use decisions can remove large amounts of planned generation capacity. In late 2025, more than 2 GW of generation capacity was withdrawn in the region, driven primarily by solar and battery storage projects, with smaller contributions from wind cancellations. Data Center Demand and Canceled Projects  Data centers  currently account for roughly 3% of U.S. electricity demand, and individual hyperscale facilities can require 100–500 MW of power in a single location. In regions such as Northern Virginia  and Texas , where data center growth has been especially strong, canceled or delayed power generation projects can widen the gap between projected demand and available supply. In Ohio, a billion-dollar data center project in 2025 was canceled due to energy limitations. This highlights how uncertainty around future power supply can influence both generation development and large electricity demand projects. Denied Data Centers in the Great Lakes region, visualized on the LandGate platform  Implications of canceled projects and the way forward Canceled power generation projects have growing implications for grid reliability and market outcomes at a time when electricity demand is accelerating. U.S. data centers already account for roughly 2–3% of total electricity consumption, and multiple forecasts project that share could double by the end of the decade as AI workloads and cloud computing expand. Individual hyperscale facilities increasingly require 100–500 megawatts (MW) of power at a single site.This is driving sustained growth in regional load forecasts, increasing the importance of new generation.     Electrical Infrastructure coverage in Tulsa, OK; shown on the LandGate platform                                     Meeting future electricity demand will require more than adding capacity; it will require better visibility into where projects are most likely to succeed.  LandGate’s data and site selection tools help utilities, developers, and energy professionals identify locations with stronger underlying electrical infrastructure  and lower development risk, including areas where zoning restrictions or development moratoria may affect project feasibility. With access to ATC (Available Transfer Capability ) and AOC (Available Offtake Capacity)  data, users can assess grid strength, compare potential network upgrade costs, and evaluate where new generation or large loads are most feasible. LandGate’s platform also provides visibility into load growth and generation interconnections, helping stakeholders make informed decisions that support reliable, future-ready power systems. To learn more, book a demo  with LandGate’s dedicated infrastructure team.

The second week of 2026 highlights an industry-wide pivot toward nuclear energy integration and the massive capital requirements needed to sustain the AI infrastructure boom. As developers face increasing local resistance through new moratoriums, the focus has intensified on securing long-term power autonomy and creative financing solutions to keep next-generation projects on track. Meta Unveils 6.6GW Nuclear Power Strategy Meta has announced a major shift in its energy procurement strategy, unveiling three nuclear energy deals  aimed at securing 6.6GW of power for its U.S. data centers by 2035. Clean Energy Goals : The deals are designed to support Meta's long-term sustainability targets while ensuring a stable, high-capacity power supply for its expanding AI footprint. Infrastructure Impact : By committing to nuclear power, Meta is signaling a move away from sole reliance on the traditional grid, which has become increasingly constrained by hyperscale demands. SB Energy Secures $1 Billion for Stargate Site Expansion SB Energy, a subsidiary of SoftBank, has secured $1 billion in funding  from OpenAI and SoftBank to expand solar and energy infrastructure at the Stargate site in Texas. Integrated Power Solutions : The investment will be used to enhance existing solar assets and energy infrastructure, directly supporting the massive power needs of the Stargate data center expansion. Collaborative Investment : The involvement of OpenAI highlights the deepening vertical integration between AI developers and energy providers to ensure physical infrastructure can keep pace with model training requirements. Patmos Hosting Secures Record $100 Million C-PACE Loan Patmos Hosting Inc. has secured a $100 million C-PACE loan  to continue developing the former Kansas City Star  building into a multi-use AI campus. Historic Financing : This transaction marks the largest Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) deal in Missouri history. Infrastructure Scope : The funding will support energy-efficient improvements and electrical infrastructure for the 421,112-square-foot facility, which will eventually feature 35MW of power for high-density GPU and AI workloads. Speed to Market : Patmos is transforming the brownfield site into a technology hub that includes data center functions alongside coworking and event spaces. Moody’s Forecasts $3 Trillion Capital Need Through 2030 A new analysis from Moody’s  indicates that the data center sector will require up to $3 trillion in investment through 2030 to meet global demand. Unprecedented Demand : The report suggests that the current construction frenzy is only the beginning, with sustained capital inflows necessary to support the transition to AI-centric computing. Alternative Financing : In a sign of shifting capital structures, Patmos Hosting Inc recently secured a $100 million C-PACE loan to develop its Kansas data center into a multi-use AI campus, demonstrating the use of specialized debt for large-scale projects. Local Moratoriums and Legislative Hurdles in Georgia & Michigan While investment continues to surge, local municipalities are increasingly pulling the "emergency brake" on new developments due to resource concerns. Georgia and Michigan : Both Roswell, GA , and Saline, MI , have moved to pass moratoriums on new data center developments to assess their impact on local infrastructure. Impact on Viability : These legislative pauses are forcing developers to seek "behind-the-meter" solutions or move to regions with more favorable regulatory environments to avoid project delays. Infrastructure Solutions for Data Center Developers As regulatory hurdles and power constraints become the primary bottlenecks for growth, LandGate provides the parcel-level intelligence and energy availability data needed to navigate complex siting requirements. Book a demo with our team today  to explore our tailored solutions for data center developers or visit our   resource library  for the latest industry insights.

In the high-stakes race for AI dominance, "Speed to Market" has transitioned from a boardroom buzzword to a survival requirement. For data center developers, the traditional 36-month construction cycle is no longer fast enough to capture the demand of the burgeoning AI sector. This is where the Powered Shell becomes the developer’s most strategic asset. By providing the structural foundation and critical power hookups without the restrictive "one-size-fits-all" interior of a turnkey build, developers can offer the agility that hyperscalers and AI firms crave. These unique facilities strike a balance between a foundational infrastructure and tenant-specific adaptability, making them particularly attractive to cloud providers, enterprises, and other tech-driven organizations. In a market where 9 months can make or break a deal, having the data to prove "power-on-site" is your greatest competitive advantage. LandGate provides comprehensive tools for data center developers for site selection , due diligence, and more. Learn more and book a free demo below: What Are Powered Shell Data Centers? Powered Shell data centers are partially completed facilities designed to house computing infrastructure. Essentially, a Powered Shell provides the heavy infrastructure, like the building envelope, raw utility power, and fiber access points, without the prescriptive interior fit-out. By omitting the UPS systems, backup generators, and cooling arrays, this model allows tenants to bypass the rigid configurations of a Turnkey Data Center. Instead of moving into a pre-built environment optimized for yesterday's hardware, operators can transform these shells into specialized Inference Hubs or AI Factories. Tenants can customize the interior to meet their operational needs. Key Characteristics: Flexible Design : The interior is unfinished, allowing complete customization. Basic Infrastructure : The landlord ensures the facility has foundational elements like power access and network connectivity. Varied Sizes : These facilities can range from single-floor segments within a larger building to standalone multi-acre campuses. Developed for High Demand : Powered Shell data centers are well-suited for large-scale tenants like cloud computing providers, colocation companies, and enterprises managing AI workloads. For instance, a hyperscale cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS) might lease a Powered Shell facility and tailor it to handle high-density computing needs like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning applications. Why Hyperscalers Choose Powered Shell Data Centers The primary advantage of a Powered Shell is the compression of the development timeline. By offloading the complex interior fit-out- which often involves long-lead mechanical items and proprietary cooling layouts- to the tenant, developers can hand over the keys in half the time. The Efficiency Gap: Speed to Market Comparison Metric Powered Shell Data Center Ground-Up Custom Build Delivery Timeline 9-18 months 18-36+ months Permitting Focus Exterior/ zoning/ shell Full MEP/ structural/ environmental Primary Risk Utility interconnection Supply chain & construction delays Tenant Readiness Rapid customization Linear build-out Capital Costs Higher up-front investment Lower up-front investment, higher lease costs Primary Benefits of Powered Shell Data Centers Key benefits of Powered Shell data centers include customization and operational control, faster deployment, cost efficiency, and scalability. 1) Customization and Operational Control One of the most significant benefits of Powered Shell data centers is the flexibility to adapt the facility to meet highly specific technical requirements. Tenants can modify critical components like: Power Configuration : Architecting setups with redundancy options for uninterrupted service. Cooling Systems : Implementing air-based or liquid cooling solutions that align with operational efficiency targets. Security Features: Designing custom security layouts to mitigate physical risks. Structural Adjustments: Strengthening buildings to withstand natural disasters, like hurricanes or earthquakes. A Powered Shell provides a blank canvas, allowing tenants to install specialized direct-to-chip or immersion cooling systems. This flexibility allows them to transform a standard shell into a high-performance AI factory tailored to their proprietary hardware stacks. This level of autonomy is especially appealing to organizations with unique technical needs who need their data environments to operate reliably and securely. 2) Faster Deployment Compared to building a data center from the ground up, Powered Shell facilities drastically reduce the time it takes to bring a space into operation. This is because: Initial construction hurdles, like entitlements and permit approvals, are already resolved. Core utilities, such as power infrastructure and connectivity options, are pre-installed. Modular construction methods speed up the tenant customization phase by preassembling components like cooling units offsite. On average, completing a Powered Shell data center project, from construction to full operational readiness, takes between 9 to 18 months, significantly faster than traditional new builds. 3) Cost Efficiency By leasing a Powered Shell facility, companies avoid the upfront capital expenses tied to land acquisition and large-scale construction. Instead, tenants can focus their resources on internal customizations like IT hardware and environmental controls. Furthermore, the use of pre-manufactured modular components reduces on-site construction costs, shortening timelines while ensuring high-quality installations. 4) Scalability Powered shell data centers often cater to hyper-growth businesses that need the flexibility for phased expansions. A tenant can initially occupy part of the facility and incrementally lease additional space or energy capacity as their needs evolve. How are Powered Shell Data Centers Developed? While timelines vary by strategy and scale, developments typically involve six to twelve months for exterior shell construction, which includes entitlements and basic infrastructure setup, followed by an additional three to six months for tenant-specific electrical systems, cooling, and IT equipment installation. The development of Powered Shell data centers falls into three main categories, each tailored to meet varying levels of demand: 1) Full Construction and Customization The most common approach involves building a complete exterior shell while the interior remains unfinished. The tenant signs a lease for this space and customizes it based on their needs, for example, by adding high-performance cooling and backup power systems. 2) Phased Build-Out Under this model, construction progresses in stages, aligning with tenant demand. Only portions of the building are prepared for occupancy at a time, ensuring efficiency in capital allocation. 3) Retrofitting Existing Buildings Some developers repurpose buildings originally designed for other uses (e.g., warehouses) into Powered Shells. This method can be faster and more cost-effective than constructing new builds, provided the structure meets data center-specific criteria like ceiling height and floor-load capacity. Who Uses Powered Shell Data Centers? Powered shell facilities attract a wide range of tenants, such as: Cloud Service Providers (CSPs)  like AWS and Google, who need scalable space for cloud computing. Colocation Providers , offering facilities to businesses that don’t want to operate their own data centers. Enterprises  with high-demand private cloud requirements. Telecommunications Providers , setting up infrastructure to support global connectivity. Cryptocurrency Miners , requiring energy-dense environments to support blockchain operations. An example of this is AWS’s usage of multiple powered shell properties in Virginia, where their facilities handle over 1 gigawatt (GW) in total power capacity. Key Players and Market Trends Global demand for powered shell data centers is growing, fueled by surging cloud adoption, AI workloads, and edge computing requirements. Major players in this space include: Digital Realty : A leader in this market with its Powered Base Building (PBB) solution. CyrusOne : Holding over 1.7 million square feet of powered shell space ready for development. QTS Data Centers : Specializing in powered shells with modular, scalable designs. Blackstone  (through BREIT): Owning large-scale powered shell portfolios in Virginia. How are Powered Shell Data Centers Priced? Development costs for powered shells generally account for 10-20% of the total cost of a fully operational data center. The financial structure of a powered shell is fundamentally different from a turnkey or colocation agreement. For developers, this often results in more predictable, long-term real estate returns. The Triple-Net (NNN) Lease Powered shells are almost exclusively leased under a Triple-Net (NNN)  structures that last 10-20+ years. In this model, the tenant is responsible for the "three nets": property taxes, insurance, and maintenance. Pricing Model:  Typically quoted in $/SF (Price per Square Foot). Annual lease rates range from $10 to $25 per square foot, depending on location. Advantage:  Since the developer isn't managing the power usage or the complex cooling repairs, the lease functions more like traditional industrial real estate but at a premium data center valuation. The Turnkey Model Conversely, turnkey facilities are priced based on capacity. Pricing Model:  Quoted in $/kW (Price per Kilowatt) of critical load. Difference:  This includes the cost of the developer providing the UPS, generators, and cooling, which carries significantly higher CAPEX and operational risk. Final Thoughts Powered shell data centers are the perfect middle ground for organizations looking for tailored solutions without the burden of full-scale construction. By blending foundational infrastructure with customization opportunities, they allow tenants to create high-performance environments aligned with their goals. Whether you're a hyperscaler preparing for AI-powered growth or an enterprise seeking greater operational control, LandGate ® provides all essential data in site-seeking in today’s fast-evolving digital landscape.

The story of electricity generation in the United States is a tale of innovation, ambition, and adaptation. From the first flickers of incandescent bulbs to the massive, invisible power that fuels our digital lives, the way we generate electricity has constantly changed. This journey reflects our nation's growth, our technological advancements, and our evolving understanding of the world around us. Today, we face a new and powerful demand: the relentless energy needs of data centers . These digital factories are the backbone of our modern economy, and their thirst for power is reshaping our energy grid. This resource explores the evolution of electricity generation in the U.S., from its early sources to the complex mix we rely on today, and examines how the rise of data centers is changing the landscape. Energy Source 2010 2025 2030 (Projected) Coal 45% 17% 8% Hydroelectric 6% 6% 5 Natural Gas 24% 40% 35% Nuclear 19% 18% 17% Renewables 6% 19% 35% Key Takeaways Water and coal were the first energy sources in the U.S. In 2025, natural gas produced the most electricity in the United States. Renewables are the fastest-growing energy type and are expected to grow significantly (from 19% to 35%) in the next 5 years. The AI and data center boom has increased pressure on the U.S. power grid. Data centers now consume roughly 5% of all U.S. power in 2025. The total investment in data center and AI infrastructure within the country has surpassed $2.5 trillion. and could exceed $6 trillion by 2030. The Landscape of Electricity Generation in the U.S. in 2025 Electricity generation in the United States surpassed 4,260 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2025, and demand is projected to grow by about 25% over the next five years. The nation’s electricity comes from a mix of fossil fuels (such as coal and natural gas), nuclear power, and renewable energy sources like wind and solar. This balance has shifted significantly over time. Today, natural gas dominates the energy mix, accounting for roughly 40% of total generation, favored for its flexibility and ability to ramp up quickly to meet daily demand. Renewables follow at about 19%, driven by wind and solar projects that provide clean, low-cost electricity during peak daylight and windy periods. Nuclear power, at 18%, supplies steady baseload energy that keeps the grid stable, while coal, now around 17%, continues to support regions where infrastructure and economics still rely on it. In 2025, U.S. hydropower rebounded to 259.1 BkWh, accounting for roughly 6% of total electricity. Driven by improved water conditions, it remains a stable renewable pillar, though its market share stays consistent as it competes with the rapid growth of natural gas and wind. Over the years, natural gas has overtaken coal as the leading source due to its lower emissions and cost, while renewables continue to expand faster than any other energy type- driven by falling technology costs and strong policy support. Nuclear power remains a steady, carbon-free source of baseload energy. Emissions, cost, and policy incentives all play key roles in determining which sources dominate the grid and how the overall energy mix shifts over time. The U.S. power grid today reflects decades of those shifting priorities and innovations. Map of Power Plants in the U.S. from LandGate   Number of Power Plants by Source in the U.S. The History of Electricity Generation in the U.S. Electricity generation in the United States has evolved dramatically over the past century, from the earliest coal-fired stations to the modern mix of renewables, nuclear, and natural gas. Each era of energy development reflects advances in technology and changes in policy. In the early 1900's, electricity was largely produced by plants powered by coal or water and later included nuclear energy and the evolution shows a clear transition to renewable energy. The timeline of U.S. electricity generations shows the transformation of how Americans used and accessed electricity. The focus is towards a cleaner, more flexible, and sustainable energy source. U.S. electricity generation by major energy source, 1950 - 2024 The Early Days: Harnessing Water and Coal The story of electricity generation in the U.S. began with coal and water. The first power plant was opened in 1882 called Thomas Edison’s Pearl Street Station and used coal-fired steam engines to supply electricity. And, two years later the first hydroelectric power plant was built in Appleton, Wisconsin, known as the Vulcan Street Plant, which used the flow of the Fox River to generate electricity for a paper mill and a few local customers.  Coal plants rapidly expanded across industrial cities, providing a reliable yet heavily polluting source of energy. Meanwhile, hydroelectric power grew as a cleaner alternative, supported by large-scale projects like Hoover Dam (1936) and Grand Coulee Dam (1942) that powered entire regions. However, the effectiveness of hydropower was highly dependent on location, rainfall, and seasonal water availability. By the mid-20th century, these two sources formed the backbone of America’s electricity supply. The Nuclear Age By the 1950's, a new power source reshaped the energy landscape: nuclear power. The source was introduced from advances during World War II, nuclear energy promised nearly limitless electricity. The first commercial nuclear plant in the U.S., Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, began operating in 1958. Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, dozens of nuclear plants were constructed, reaching a peak share of about 20% of total generation by the late 1980's. Nuclear plants could be built almost anywhere and produced consistent power regardless of weather or season. Despite these advantages, nuclear energy faced growing public concern over safety, cost, and waste disposal. Incidents such as Three Mile Island (1979) and later international events like Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) intensified the concerns around using nuclear power. These slowed expansion, but nuclear energy remains a key part of the U.S. grid today, providing steady, carbon-free baseload power. The Modern Grid: A Shift to Renewables In recent decades, U.S. electricity generation has entered a new era driven by renewables, especially wind and solar power. The first utility-scale wind farm began operating in California in 1980, followed by the Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) plant in the Mojave Desert in 1984. Advances in turbine and panel technology, combined with federal incentives and state renewable policies, fueled steady growth through the 1990's and 2010's as costs fell sharply. Today, renewables are the fastest-growing sources of electricity, accounting for about 19% of total generation in 2025. However, the grid carrying this power is aging and increasingly strained. Built decades ago, it struggles to meet the rising demand from data centers, AI, and electric vehicles. Interconnection wait times stretch for years in some regions, delaying new renewable projects. To keep pace, utilities are investing in battery energy storage systems (BESS), microgrids, and smarter transmission networks capable of managing flexible, high-load power flows. The U.S. grid already supports massive demand, but modernization will be essential to ensure renewables can power the next generation of growth. Key Shifts: Future Projections for U.S. Power Sources Future projections for energy sources in the U.S. by 2030 show an acceleration of the current shift towards renewables. U.S. energy is entering a high-growth era: wind and solar are poised to become the dominant power sources, while coal continues a steep decline toward retirement. Though natural gas remains a vital stabilizer, it faces increasing pressure as soaring demand from AI data centers and electrification forces a massive, rapid investment in renewable capacity and battery storage. Renewable Energy:  According to the Energy Information Adminstration (EIA) , utility-scale solar is the fastest-growing source of electricity generation in the U.S. and is projected to grow from 290 BkWh in 2025 to 424 BkWh by 2027. For the first time in modern history, the combined output of zero-carbon sources (Wind + Solar + Nuclear + Hydro) is projected to account for 55% to 60% of the U.S. electricity mix by 2030. This would be a massive leap from the ~30% share they held in 2010. Natural Gas: Natural gas  is projected to decline in the next 5 years as renewable energy sources take the lead, but faces immense pressure as the demand for AI data centers continues to boom. Coal:  Most industry analysts expect coal to drop into the single digits (under 10%) by 2030. Remaining plants will likely operate as "peakers"- running only during extreme weather events- rather than as constant baseload power. Hydropower: Hydropower electricity generation will continue to be diluted as total demand for power in the U.S. grows. The Data Center Dilemma: A New Demand for Power Data centers are quickly becoming some of the largest electricity consumers in the United States. As cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and digital storage expand, these facilities demand continuous, reliable power to keep servers running and data flowing. This rising load is straining traditional grids but also accelerating the transition toward cleaner, more sustainable energy. What was once dominated by residential, commercial, and industrial developments is now being transformed into a ' New Real Estate ' by the growing needs of data centers  and renewable energy . Data centers, which once accounted for about 2.5% of U.S. electricity use in 2015, now consume roughly 5% of all U.S. power in 2025- and that number is rising fast as digital technology and AI adoption expand. According to LandGate’s detailed studies, as of February 2025, the total investment in Data Center and AI Infrastructure within the USA has surpassed $2.5 trillion, and could exceed $6 trillion by 2030. By 2030, data centers could draw nearly 9% of national power, with AI alone consuming up to 40% of that total. While much of this energy still comes from fossil fuels, the shift toward cleaner sources is accelerating. Renewables like solar and wind are increasingly powering data centers as major operators invest in their own green energy projects. This transition not only reduces emissions but also drives broader renewable energy development, helping make the digital revolution more sustainable.              AI and Data Centers - Growing share of U.S. Electricity Demand (2015-2030) Reliability and cost remain central when selecting power sources for new data center projects. Coal plants, once the backbone of generation, are in decline due to high emissions and long, five-year build times. Nuclear energy offers carbon-free reliability but faces long construction periods and steep upfront costs. Hydropower remains dependable but is constrained by geography, lengthy development, and vulnerability to drought. Renewables  such as solar and wind have emerged as the most practical path forward. Solar farms  can be built in under a year, and wind projects  typically within 12 to 18 months. Though weather-dependent, improvements in energy storage  and grid management are helping to overcome their variability. Together, these technologies offer the fastest, most scalable route to meet the power needs of a data-driven economy. Solving Grid Constraints: The Grid of the Future As electricity demand surges from data centers and a strong movement to the digital economy, the U.S. power grid is entering a new era. Solar and wind energy are leading the way, offering faster construction, lower costs, and sustainable solutions to growing demand. With the help of battery storage and smart grid technologies, renewables are reshaping how and where power is generated. Meeting future demand won’t just require more power, but data-based decisions. That’s where LandGate’s data comes in as a solution for solving the grid constraints caused by data centers. LandGate's data helps utilities, developers, and energy professionals identify the best opportunities for data center siting and renewable integration. With access to ATC (Available Transfer Capability) and AOC (Available Offtake Capacity) data, users can evaluate grid strength, compare network upgrade costs, and pinpoint locations where new projects are most feasible. LandGate’s platform also provides visibility into load projects and generation interconnections, offering a clear picture of how power moves across the grid. By leveraging this information, stakeholders can better plan around large energy loads, like data centers , and make informed, cost-effective choices that keep the grid reliable and future-ready.  To learn more about how LandGate is enabling the future of U.S. energy generation, book a demo with our dedicated energy infrastructure team. Key Terms Interconnection Queue The interconnection queue  is essentially a "waiting list" for new power plants and battery storage projects that want to connect to the regional or national electric grid. As of early 2025, the queue has reached historic levels of congestion. There is currently more capacity waiting in the queue (~2,300 GW) than exists on the entire U.S. grid today (~1,280 GW). ATC (Available Transfer Capacity) Available Transfer Capacity (ATC)  is a measure of the remaining power transfer capability in a transmission network that is available for further commercial activity. Grid operators calculate ATC using a standard formula defined by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). AOC (Available Offtake Capacity) While ATC (Available Transfer Capacity) measures how much room is left to move power through the grid, Available Offtake Capacity (AOC)  measures how much power can be reliably pulled out of the grid at a specific point. t determines if a specific substation can handle the massive localized demand of a new industrial project without causing a local blackout or requiring a multi-year equipment upgrade.

The landscape for renewable energy in the Midwest just underwent a seismic shift. On January 8, 2026, Governor JB Pritzker signed the Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability (CRGA) Act into law- a landmark piece of legislation that solidifies Illinois as the national vanguard for clean energy and grid modernization. Building on the foundation of the 2021 Climate and Equitable Jobs Act (CEJA), the CRGA Act isn’t just about lowering consumer bills; it’s a massive signal to renewable energy developers that Illinois is open for business, specifically in the realms of energy storage, community solar, and grid-edge technology. For developers, this legislation translates into streamlined permitting, massive new procurement targets, and a diversification of the "clean energy" definition in the state. Here is a breakdown of what this means for your pipeline. Key Provisions: Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act Building on the momentum of previous landmark laws like CEJA, the CRGA Act introduces a massive 3 GW energy storage mandate by 2030, tripling the state's investment in energy efficiency and establishing a first-of-its-kind Virtual Power Plant (VPP) program. For renewable energy developers, this legislation represents a critical market shift, offering expanded community solar caps of 10 MW, streamlined transmission planning through Grid-Enhancing Technologies (GETs), and a new state-led Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) designed to stabilize wholesale power costs. 1) Statewide Battery Storage Procurement Targets By setting a firm procurement target of 3 GW of energy storage by 2030, the legislation creates a massive new market for developers. This rollout will modernize the grid and lower consumer costs, providing a 24-hour energy reserve capable of powering half a million residences during critical outages. 2) Expands Utility Energy Efficiency Mandates Utility energy efficiency goals are receiving a massive boost: Ameren’s program capacity will roughly double, while ComEd’s increases by a quarter. Critically, the law triples the equity-focused spend to 25% of total budgets, unlocking $137 million per year for ComEd service areas and $55.5 million for Ameren’s. 3) Accelerates Grid Integration This legislation accelerates grid integration by modernizing the state's transmission planning and fast-tracking energy storage connections. For developers, this means lower congestion costs and a faster transition from the interconnection queue to active power delivery. 4) Establishes a State Integrated Resource Plan Under the CRGA Act , Illinois will now chart its own energy future through a comprehensive Integrated Resource Plan. This state-led modeling and ICC-approved planning process aim to curb rising wholesale costs while providing a structured, long-term blueprint for the state’s energy mix. 5) Strengthens Gas Efficiency Portfolios The Act mandates an aggressive expansion of gas efficiency portfolios for major utilities like Nicor and Peoples Gas, effectively doubling their energy reduction targets. For developers in the HVAC and building-tech sectors, the most critical update is the new 'Whole-Home' requirement: 80% of income-qualified budgets must now be allocated toward comprehensive weatherization and high-efficiency hardware, creating a stabilized, high-volume market for professional energy retrofits. Benefits of the CRGA for Energy Developers By prioritizing both large-scale infrastructure and equitable distributed generation, the Act provides a clear, long-term roadmap for developers ready to capitalize on the Midwest’s most robust clean energy economy. 1) A Massive Mandate for Energy Storage Perhaps the most significant "win" for developers in the CRGA Act is the creation of Illinois’ first energy storage procurement program. The law sets a firm target of 3,000 MW of energy storage capacity by 2030. Uniform Siting:  The Act aligns storage siting and permitting requirements with existing wind and solar standards, removing the "regulatory guessing game" that often stalls storage projects. Storage Credits:  To ensure projects are bankable, the Illinois Power Agency (IPA) will implement an indexed storage credit mechanism, with initial procurements for utility-scale projects expected as early as late 2026. 2) Community Solar Expansion The CRGA Act recognizes the soaring demand for distributed generation by increasing the maximum size for community solar projects to 10 MW. This allows developers to take advantage of better economies of scale while still utilizing the state’s robust community solar incentives. 3) The Rise of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) Illinois is positioning itself as a leader in "grid-edge" reliability. The Act establishes a statewide Virtual Power Plant initiative, pooling resources like residential solar and behind-the-meter batteries to support the grid during peak demand. For developers in the residential and commercial sectors, this creates a secondary revenue stream for customers, making solar-plus-storage installations significantly more attractive. 4) Diversified Energy Portfolio: Geothermal and Nuclear The CRGA Act isn't limited to the "big two" (wind and solar). It introduces a Geothermal Homes and Businesses Program, allocating $10 million from the Renewable Energy Credit (REC) budget specifically for geothermal projects. Furthermore, in a move to ensure long-term "baseload" reliability, the Act lifts the long-standing moratorium on new, large-scale nuclear reactors. While solar and wind remain the primary engines of the transition, this multi-technology approach ensures a more stable and predictable interconnection environment for all participants. 5) Prioritizing Equity and "Solar for All" Equity remains at the heart of Illinois' energy policy. The CRGA Act expands the Illinois Solar for All program, including new carve-outs for energy storage. This ensures that developers focusing on low-income and environmental justice communities have access to dedicated funding and streamlined self-attestation processes for participants. Capitalizing on the Illinois Boom With an estimated $13.4 billion in consumer savings projected over the next 20 years, the CRGA Act is designed to make the transition to 100% clean energy both affordable and inevitable. However, as the state moves toward its first Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) in late 2026, competition for prime land and interconnection points will intensify. At LandGate , we provide the data-driven tools you need to stay ahead of these legislative shifts. From identifying high-value parcels near existing infrastructure to analyzing local zoning and fire safety standards for storage, our platform is built for the modern developer. Ready to scale your portfolio in the nation’s fastest-growing energy market? Learn more about LandGate’s Developer Tools and Book a Demo Today.

The first week of 2026 underscores a market transitioning from rapid construction to strategic operational scaling and heightened regulatory scrutiny. As the industry moves further into the new year, the focus has shifted toward securing massive, independent power solutions to bypass grid constraints and addressing local legislative resistance to large-scale developments. Vantage and Liberty Energy Partner for 1GW Power Solution Vantage Data Centers has entered a strategic partnership  with Liberty Energy to deploy high-efficiency power solutions for its North American portfolio. The agreement includes a dedicated reservation of 400MW of power generation capacity specifically for 2027, with the total partnership aiming to develop and operate up to one gigawatt of power. This collaboration is designed to support the next generation of AI-optimized infrastructure by providing long-term primary power that can operate autonomously from the local grid. For developers, this move highlights a growing trend of "behind-the-meter"  energy solutions as a necessity to ensure project viability in power-constrained markets. Brookfield Launches $10 Billion AI Cloud Platform Brookfield is attempting to disrupt the traditional cloud market by launching Radiant , an AI cloud platform backed by an initial $10 billion in funding . Unlike standard cloud providers, Brookfield is leveraging its massive existing portfolio of renewable energy and real estate to create a "vertically integrated" AI factory model. Cost Reduction Strategy : By controlling the entire stack from the land and clean energy to the data center shell and now the direct leasing of AI chips , Brookfield aims to significantly undercut the costs of traditional providers like AWS or Azure. Targeted Expansion : The platform is prioritizing projects in France, Qatar, and Sweden , where it will have "first call" on capacity. Strategic Energy Partnership : To ensure reliability in a grid-constrained market, Brookfield partnered with Bloom Energy  in a $5 billion deal  to deploy on-site fuel cells. These "behind-the-meter" power sources allow AI facilities to operate independently of the legacy power grid. Foxconn Revenue Jumps 22% Amid AI Buildout Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.) has emerged as a primary beneficiary of the global push for AI infrastructure, reporting a 22% jump in Q4 revenue  to NT$2.6 trillion (approx. $83 billion ). Beyond Consumer Electronics : While smart consumer electronics (like iPhones) saw flat or slightly declining performance, Foxconn's growth was almost entirely driven by its Cloud and Networking Products division . The NVIDIA Connection : As a major server assembly partner for NVIDIA, Foxconn is seeing AI server demand move from theoretical planning into massive physical purchase orders  for server racks. Future Outlook for 2026 : Despite entering the traditional "off-season" for electronics, the company expects its performance to remain at the upper end of its five-year range due to the accelerating ramp-up of AI rack shipments . Upstream Integration : Foxconn is also moving further into data center design, recently announcing a partnership with OpenAI  to co-design and manufacture next-generation AI data center hardware specifically for U.S. facilities. Local Moratoriums and Legal Challenges Mount The "construction frenzy" is facing renewed resistance from local governments and environmental groups. Wisconsin : The Midwest Environmental Advocates (MEA) has sued the state's Public Service Commission (PSC)  over redacted energy demand forecasts for Meta’s Beaver Dam campus, citing concerns over taxpayer costs and grid secrecy. Ohio : Lordstown Village Council is considering a six-month moratorium  on all new data center projects. Local officials cited critical concerns regarding the impact of these facilities on the local electrical and water supply. The lawsuit filed by Midwest Environmental Advocates (MEA) against Wisconsin’s Public Service Commission (PSC) centers on transparency regarding the massive energy demands of Meta’s data center campus in Beaver Dam. Core Issues of the MEA Lawsuit Secrecy of Energy Forecasts : The MEA alleges that the PSC and local utilities have withheld specific energy demand forecasts from the public, making it difficult for citizens to understand the project's true impact. Infrastructure Costs : A primary concern is whether residential utility customers will be forced to foot the bill for the significant grid upgrades required to power a "giga-watt scale" facility.+2 Environmental Impact : Beyond cost, the group is challenging the environmental sustainability of such a massive increase in energy consumption and its effect on Wisconsin’s long-term energy goals. Wider Regional Resistance This lawsuit is part of a growing trend of local pushback across the Midwest as residents and advocacy groups grow wary of the rapid expansion of AI infrastructure: Madison, WI : Recently advanced a one-year moratorium on zoning permits for new data centers to study their impact on resources. Lordstown, OH : Local council members are considering a six-month pause on development due to similar concerns regarding water and electrical supply. Nationwide Coalition : Over 200 environmental groups have formed a coalition demanding a national moratorium on data center development, citing a 13% rise in electricity prices over the past year. Infrastructure Solutions for Data Center Developers As regulatory and power challenges increase, LandGate provides the tools necessary to navigate project siting and energy availability. Book a demo  with our team today  to explore our tailored solutions for data center developers or visit our resource library  for the latest industry insights.

In today’s dynamic energy landscape, accurate analysis and strategic planning are essential for success in the renewable energy sector. An 8760 report provides a rich cache of detailed information that developers can use to gain an edge with their solar endeavors. In this article, we provide a guide to 8760 reports for solar development and explore the significance, generation process, interpretation, and applications of an 8760 report, as well as the best practices for their use. What is an 8760 Report? An 8760 report refers to the examination and analysis of energy generation (or load) for every hour across a span of 12 months. In the case of energy generation, the model simulates the output for all 8,760 hours within the specified time frame.  In the context of a solar project, an 8760 report provides a detailed analysis of energy generation and offers insights into the expected solar power output throughout the year, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the project's performance. Using solar irradiance data, panel efficiency calculations, and weather variations, an 8,760 report provides the granularity needed for interconnection studies, energy storage modeling, revenue forecasting (especially with TOU pricing), and PPA and merchant risk analysis. The 8760 Equation An 8760 solar report is based on the 8,760 hours in a year (24 × 365) and models how a solar project would perform hour-by-hour for an entire year on a specific property. The baseline equation for the report is: 24 hours/ day x 365 days/year = 8,760 hours/ year The core hourly energy equation for each hour ( h ) is: E h =P h x 1 hour Where: E h = energy produced in hour (kWh) P h = AC power output during that hour (kW) How an 8760 Report is Calculated An 8760 report breaks solar performance down to the most granular level possible: every hour of the year. Instead of relying on annual averages, it models how a solar project is expected to perform hour by hour using site-specific weather data, system design assumptions, and real-world loss factors. Key Data Needed for an 8760 Report To generate an accurate 8760 report, whether for solar production, building loads, or grid emissions, you need a specific cocktail of data. Category Specific Input Data Purpose Location & Climate TMY3 or AMY weather files (GHI, DNI, DHI, wind speed, temp) Defines the environmental "stress" or fuel (sun/wind) available per hour. Site Logistics Latitude, Longitude, and Time Zone Coordinates the solar position and aligns data with the local grid clock. Facility Profile Hourly Load Profile (kW) The "demand" side; shows when the building actually uses energy. System Specs Equipment capacity, efficiency curves, and degradation rates Defines how much energy the hardware can process or generate. Orientation Azimuth (heading) and Tilt angle Crucial for solar; determines the "harvest" timing throughout the day. Shading/Losses Near-shading objects, soiling, and wiring losses Accounts for real-world inefficiencies that reduce theoretical output. Utility/Rate Info TOU (Time-of-Use) schedules and Demand Charge structures Maps the energy units (kWh) to financial value ($). Steps for Calculating an 8760 Report Here's how an 8760 report is calculated: Hourly Resource Data: The 8,760 model starts with historical, site-specific weather data, usually pulled from sources like: Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) Satellite + ground-station irradiance data Includes irradiance (GHI, DNI, DHI), temperature, cloud cover, wind speed System Design Assumptions: The report applies standardized assumptions about the solar project itself, including: DC system size (MWdc) AC inverter capacity (MWac) DC:AC ratio Module and inverter type and efficiency Array orientation (tilt & azimuth) Tracking vs fixed-tilt Row spacing / shading assumptions Hour-by-Hour Energy Modeling: To produce hourly AC generation values (kWh) for each of the 8,760 hours, the model calculates: Available solar energy hitting the panels Temperature-adjusted module output Losses (soiling, wiring, mismatch, degradation, clipping, curtailment, etc.) Inverter conversion to AC power Loss Factors Applied: Loss assumptions are critical because small changes can materially impact project economics. Typical losses baked into an 8760 include: Soiling Shading (and snow, if applicable) Wiring & transformer losses Inverter efficiency Availability & downtime Final Output: The result is a table with: 8,760 hourly production values Annual energy (MWh) Capacity factor Peak output hours Seasonal and diurnal production patterns The result of an 8760 report is a detailed dataset showing a solar system’s expected energy production for every hour of the year. It provides hourly AC output, total annual energy, capacity factor, and production trends across daily and seasonal cycles. LandGate  provides comprehensive tools for solar developers allowing them to model full-scale projects instantly, including 8760 reports. How are 8760 Reports Used for Solar Development? 8760 reports are a key tool in solar development, providing detailed hourly insights into a project’s energy production throughout the year. Developers, investors, and utilities use these reports to optimize system design, evaluate financial and environmental impacts, plan for grid integration , track performance, and support renewable energy certifications. Optimization Opportunities: By examining the solar generation patterns throughout the year, the report helps identify optimization opportunities. It provides insights into peak production periods, variations due to weather conditions, and potential areas for system improvement or adjustments. Financial Analysis: The report supports financial analysis by estimating annual energy output, helping calculate revenue potential, assess project viability, and attract investors. Environmental Impact Assessment: The reports help estimate annual energy and associated greenhouse gas reductions, supporting sustainability reporting and regulatory compliance. System Design and Sizing: An 8760 solar generation report is valuable in determining the appropriate system design and sizing. It shows the expected annual energy production for a specific location, helping you optimize system design and properly size the solar plant, including panels, inverters, and other equipment needed to meet your energy goals. Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs): An 8760 report helps quantify a solar plant’s renewable energy generation, essential for claiming and trading RECs to meet renewable targets or offset emissions. Grid Integration and Planning:  For utility-scale projects, an 8760 report shows hourly and seasonal production patterns, helping utilities manage grid integration, stability, and storage or backup planning. Performance Monitoring: Once a solar farm is operational, an 8760 report acts as a performance benchmark, allowing you to compare actual production to predicted output, identify issues, and optimize system performance. P50 and P90 Estimates: An 8760 report provides the detailed hourly production data that forms the basis for P50 and P90 estimates. By modeling variability in weather and system performance across the year, analysts use the 8760 dataset to calculate the probability that a solar project will meet or exceed certain energy outputs- P50 represents the median expected production, while P90 reflects a conservative, 90% confidence level. Who Uses an 8760 Report? During the development of a utility-scale solar farm, an 8760 solar generation report is typically provided to various stakeholders involved in the project. These stakeholders include project developers, energy consultants and engineers, utility companies, regulatory authorities, and insurance providers. 1) Project Developers: Feasibility Assessment Project developers use 8760 reports to assess the feasibility and viability of the project and make informed decisions during the development process. Investors interested in funding the solar farm project often require detailed information about its expected energy generation. The 8760 solar generation report provides them with crucial data to evaluate the financial viability of the project and assess the potential return on investment. 2) Energy Consultants & Engineers: System Sizing Consultants and engineers involved in the project utilize the 8760 solar generation report to conduct technical assessments, evaluate system performance, and optimize the design of the solar farm. The report helps them understand the expected solar energy output throughout the year and plan the system accordingly. 3) Utility Companies: Solar Energy Integration Utility companies, which will purchase the electricity generated by the solar farm, may request the 8760 solar generation report to assess the reliability, capacity, and dispatch-ability of the solar power plant. This information is crucial for utility companies to integrate the solar energy into their grid and manage the overall power supply. 4) Regulatory Authorities: Approval and Permitting Regulatory bodies or government agencies responsible for overseeing and permitting energy projects may require the solar generation report as part of the approval process. The report provides essential information on the expected energy output, helping regulators assess compliance with renewable energy targets and environmental standards. 5) Insurance Providers: Risk Assessment Insurance companies may require the solar generation report to evaluate the risk associated with insuring the solar farm. The report provides them with data on the expected energy generation, allowing them to assess potential revenue losses and determine appropriate coverage. How to Get an 8760 Report for a Solar Farm The easiest way to get an 8760 report for a solar farm is through automated solar generation modeling software, like LandGate. Here's how you can get an 8760 report using LandGate's tools : 1: Login in to LandGate 2: Open a portfolio in the Parcel Data tool 3: Click 'Run Analysis' 4: Start a new Solar Analysis Project 5: Navigate to the Analysis tool 6: Click 'Run Economics' 7: Navigate to the 'Risks and Lending' Tab 8: Click on the '8760' subtab 9: View or Export the 8760 Report As the renewable energy industry continues to grow, the ability to generate accurate and detailed reports such as the 8760 report becomes increasingly crucial. By utilizing the insights derived from these reports, energy planners, facility managers, and renewable energy project developers can make informed decisions, optimize energy usage, and pave the way for a sustainable and efficient energy future. Want to discuss the use of 8760 reports with LandGate's team, or learn how to use tour platform for your business? Learn more and book a free demo: