Interconnection Queue Maps for Major U.S. ISO's & Utilities
LandGate’s interconnection maps show, step by step, how new generators and large loads such as data centers connect to the grid in all seven U.S. ISOs (PJM, MISO, ERCOT, SPP, CAISO, NYISO, ISO-NE) and seven major utilities, including Duke Energy, FPL and PacifiCorp. Click any step to see what happens, what it costs, how long it takes and what can stop a project. Updated monthly as rules change.
Select a grid region
Point at a region to preview it. Select it to open its interconnection guide.
Grid Operators (ISOs and RTOs)
Regional operators that run organized interconnection queues under FERC rules.
ERCOT
Electric Reliability Council of Texas
Covers most of Texas
CAISO
California ISO
Covers most of California, part of Nevada
ISO/RTO | Generator Process | Large load path | Large load threshold | Latest rule change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MISO | Annual cycles with 3 study phases and 2 decision points | Through the transmission owner; no dedicated load queue yet | Rules pending | Large-load reliability rules filed Aug 28, 2026 (pending at FERC) |
PJM | Cycle process with 3 study phases and 3 decision points | Through the utility; no PJM load queue | 50 MW+ | FERC accepted large-load definition, Oct 9, 2026 |
ERCOT | No cluster: each project moves on its own; 18–30 months typical | ERCOT batch study (Batch Zero) | 75 MW+ | PUCT large-load rule effective Oct 8, 2026 |
SPP | One annual cluster under the Consolidated Planning Process, with one decision point | HILL framework, with a curtailable bridge service | 50 MW+ above 69 kV; 10 MW+ at 69 kV and below | CHILLS curtailable service effective Jul 1, 2026 |
CAISO | Annual cluster; projects are scored and only top scorers are studied | Through the utility under CPUC rules; no CAISO load queue | Set by the utility | FERC accepted IPE 5.0 compliance filing, Sep 30, 2026 |
NYISO | Two-phase cluster study | NYISO runs the study; the utility signs the agreement | Over 10 MW at 115 kV+ | Large-load reform filing targeted Nov 16, 2026 (pending) |
ISO-NE | Annual cluster with flat entry deposits | Proposed serial study process | 50 MW+ above 60 kV (proposed) | First regular cluster window opened Oct 5, 2026 |
Non-RTO utility regions
Utilities that run their own FERC cluster process and large-load rules.
PacifiCorp
Pacific Power & Rocky Mountain Power
YT, WY, ID, OR, WA, and CA
PSCo (Xcel Energy)
Public Service Company of Colorado
Covers Colorado
PNM
Public Service Company of New Mexico
Central and Northern NM
Utility | Generator Process | Large load path | Large load threshold | Latest rule change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SOCO | Annual cluster; window opens Feb 15, then one shared cluster study and a serial facilities study | Service contract under state rules (GA, AL or MS), then Southern’s large-load integration checklist and testing | Above 40 kV, typically 50 MW+; Georgia PSC review over 100 MW | Alabama large-load contract review rules adopted Oct 6, 2026 |
FPL | Annual cluster; 45-day window each January, 150-day study | Retail customer under the LLCS tariffs | 50 MW+ at 85% load factor | SB 484 compliance filing, Oct 1, 2026 |
Duke Energy (DEC/DEP) | Two-phase cluster; window each February, 90-day and 150-day phases | Duke technical rules, plus a proposed NC tariff | Above 40 kV, typically 50 MW+ | Large-load technical rules (Rev. 001) effective Oct 15, 2026 |
APS | Annual cluster with a phased study and a flat $105,000 entry deposit | Retail customer under ACC rules; data-center queue closed | No posted process | Markets+ tariff filed Oct 14, 2026 |
PSCo | Annual cluster each March, plus resource solicitation clusters; 150-day studies | Retail customer under the proposed Schedule TL | 50 MW+ (proposed) | Schedule TL hearing held Oct 21–28, 2026 |
PNM | Annual cluster; window each July, 150-day study | Retail customer under special contracts | No tariff yet | Base-case business practice effective Oct 16, 2026 |
PacifiCorp | One annual cluster for PACE and PACW; window each September, 150-day study | Retail customer of Pacific Power or Rocky Mountain Power | Above 20 MW (OR, WA, CA); 25 MW+ (UT, WY) | Business Practice #88 Rev 1.0 effective Oct 20, 2026 |
What the maps show
Each interconnection process guide shares the same layout. Here's how to use them.
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Maps switch: Swaps between the generator map and the large-load map. The diagram, the status strip and the project dials all change with it. Each page opens on the generator map, so switch here first if you're looking at a data center or other big load.
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Your project: Sliders for your project's size in MW and, on most generator maps, an estimate of network upgrade costs. Deposits, fees and security in the Costs tab recalculate as you move them. ERCOT has the size slider only. SPP swaps the upgrade estimate for an assumed GRID-C rate.
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Where things stand: Three short facts about the operator's process right now: open windows, pending filings, recent rule changes. They're the same facts shown in the summaries on this page.
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Legend: Shape tells you what a step is, and color tells you where a branch leads.
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Process map: Read it top to bottom along the vertical line, which is the main path from first application to a signed agreement or energized load. Branches to the right are exits, holds and side routes, labeled on the wire that leads to them. Each page suggests a good first click in the panel before you select anything.
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Detail panel: Select any box or diamond to open it. Three tabs cover What happens at that step, the Costs for a project your size, and Timing. Each ends with links to its sources.
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Sources: The tariffs, manuals, orders and summaries the page is built on. Check here for the date a rule took effect before relying on it.
Who uses LandGate's interconnection maps
Whether you’re filing a project, siting a data center or vetting a deal, the maps show what stands between a project and the grid.
